Diclofenac sodium (DCF), 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino] benzene acetic acid, monosodium salt is widely used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with high consumption. It therefore presents a serious risk to both human health and the environment and is among the pharmaceuticals that are most commonly found in aqueous effluents. In this study, a novel magnetic biosorbent (M-EColi) was successfully prepared by immobilizing Escherichia coli (E.coli) on nano-sized magnetic iron oxides, and its efficacy in DCF biosorption was investigated. To determine the characterization of the synthesized M-EColi biosorbents, Vibrational Sample Magnetometry (VSM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy Fourier Transform İnfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses were performed and the effects of contact time, temperature, biosorbent dose and initial DCF concentration on the biosorption process were investigated. Isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic calculations were performed to determine which mechanism is consistent with biosorption. It was found that the DCF biosorption on M-EColi corresponded to the Langmuir isotherm and the biosorption kinetics corresponded to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic analyses indicate that the biosorption of DCF on the M-EColi nano-sorbent is physical. The maximum biosorption capacity was found to be 46.01±0.12 mg/g.

A magnetic tragacanth gum-grafted poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel (TG-g-PAA/Fe3O4) was applied for the removal of Malachite Green (MG), basic yellow 28 (BY28) and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) dyes form industrial simulated wastewater. The most important parameters (e.g., initial dye concentrations, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time) were optimized in all single, binary, and ternary systems. The adsorption processes were better fitted with the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model which revealed the linearity of the processes. Maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) for MG, BY28, and Rh6G in the ternary system were obtained as 626.5, 568.2, and 459.7 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies exhibited that the removal of all dyes in all systems was best fitted with the pseudo-second-order model, which proved the rate-limiting step might be the chemical adsorption. The hydrogel was regenerated by the desorption process after the loading process and reused several times. As a result, the removal efficiency of the adsorbent almost remains the same for the first four cycles.

Background and Aims: Disc displacement is the most common temporomandibular joint disorder and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in its diagnosis. This disorder can lead to changes in signal intensity of magnetic resonance (MR). The purpose of this study was evaluation of correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images of retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle with type of anterior disk displacement and condylar head flattening in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD).Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 31 MR images of patients who had anterior disc displacement were evaluated. After relative signal intensity measurement for retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle, the correlation between relative signal intensity and type of anterior disc displacement was evaluated with repeated measure ANOVA test. In each of these 3 areas, t-test was used to compare the groups with and without condylar head flattening.Results: The correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and type of anterior disc displacement in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle was not significant. There was also no statistically significant correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and flattening of condylar head in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to findings of this study, relative signal intensity of MR images in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of ptrygoid muscle is not a good predictor for type of anterior disc displacement and flattening of condylar head. It seems that this cannot be used as a diagnostic marker for TMD progression.

The adsorptive removal of heavy metals (U, Ni and Cu) from Esfahan Uranium Conversion Facility (UCF) wastewater was studied in the laboratory by means of batch method using a magnetic biosorbent composed of nanoparticles of magnetite coverd with sugarcane bagas. The findings indicated that the prepared magnetic biosorbent is suitable for the removal of heavy metals. Furthemore, pH of 5 and equilibrium time of 90 min were adequate to set out the optimum condition of heavy metal biosorption process. The kinetic data were fitted well to a pseudo-second-order rate equation. On the other hand, the results showed that biosorption capacity is decreased by increasing the biosorben dosage. The FT-IR analysis of the adsorbent before and after entering into the contact with wastewater showed that functional groups of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine have the most important role in the heavy metal biosorption.

Water contamination by Methylene Blue (MB) is a significant environmental challenge that requires cost-effective purification strategies. The green algae Coelastrella was used as an adsorbent inside the airlift bioreactor as an effective and inexpensive material. Experiments were conducted over a range of conditions, including initial MB concentration (3-30 mg/L), contact time (0-60 min), air flow rate (200-300 mL/min), algae dosage (0.1-2 g/L), and temperature (20-40 ˚C). Diverse characterization techniques were employed to comprehensively understand the process and its outcomes. These techniques include Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform-InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Adsorption isotherms were analyzed in this study, with a focus on the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The Langmuir model had the highest (R² = 0.9998), indicating monolayer adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity of 30 mg/g. Additionally, kinetic studies found the pseudo-second-order model to be the most accurate (R² = 0.9990). Under optimal conditions, the process achieved a high removal efficiency of 98.9%. Finally, mass transfer adsorption models were examined using three models. When these models were compared, the Liquid film diffusion model had the highest value (R² = 0.9736). These results suggest that algae biomass is an effective, green adsorbent for MB removal, presenting a viable alternative to conventional treatments..

Airborne hexavalent chromium has been classified as a human respiratory carcinogen and long term exposure has been known to cause ulceration and perforation of the nasal septum, bronchitis, asthma, and liver and kidney damage. Chromium electroplating plants are the major sources of atmospheric chromium and packed-bed scrubbers are the common control devices used to reduce emission of chromic acid mist from electroplating bathes.The feasibility of a new method to remove this pollutant using alginate beads as a biomass derivative was investigated by one factor at a time approach and Taguchi experimental design. Polluted air with different chromium mist concentrations (10-5000 mg/m3) was contacted to alginate beads (3.3-20 g/L), floating in distilled water with adjusted pH (3-7), using an impinger at different temperatures (20 and 35oC), and various velocities (1.2 and 2.4 m/s).Although there were no statistical significant differences between factor levels, the higher ions removal efficiencies were achieved at lower levels of air velocities, pollution concentrations, higher levels of pHs, temperatures, and sorbent concentrations.

A magnetic biosorbent composed of nanoparticles of magnetite covered with sugarcane bagasse and denominated magnetic baggas was prepared. The magnetic composite was used to remove U (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The magnetite was synthetized by simultaneous precipitation by adding a solution of NaOH to the aqueous solution containing Fe2+ and Fe3+. The magnetic bagasse presented superparamagnetic properties; that is, it showed a high magnetization of saturation without hysteresis. The magnetic bagasse was characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis on magnetic bagasse showed a nanostructure with an average particle size of 34 nanometers, with a specific surface area of 102.3 m2 g-1, and average pore diameter of 6.23 nm. Its adsorption performance was evaluated by determining the adsorption capacity of U (VI) ions by means of batch method. The results indicated that the biosorption capacity was significantly affected by the pH solution, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and initial uranium concentration. The uranium binding by the biomass test was rapid, and achieved 92% of the sorption efficiency within 20 min. The optimum biosorption (97.4%) was observed at pH 4.0, biosorbent dosage of 5 mg/L, initial uranium concentration of 50 mg L-1 within 90 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacity of the magnetic bagass for U (VI) ions was at biosorbent dosage of 1 g L-1 and obtained to be 32.04 mg g-1. The kinetic data were fitted well to a pseudo-second-order rate equation (R2=0.9996). The adsorption process conformed the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevitch (D-R) adsorption isotherm models. Gibbs free energy (DGo) and enthalpy change (DHo) indicated that the reaction had been spontaneous and exothermic in nature at the studied temperatures. In the desorption studies, 94.5% of adsorbed U (VI) was recoverd with hydrochloric acid as an eluent.